vacuum mattress stretcher- China Manufacturers Factory Suppliers

1. What is a folding spine board?

The spine board is made of fiberglass or fiberglass-reinforced plastic. The main advantage of this kind of material is that it can be easily folded and molded into any shape. It can be used to hold the spine and protect it from damage.

It’s a fairly simple setup: there are two parts, one for each side, with two holes opposite each other in the middle. It basically consists of a long piece (like a tablecloth) with a hole drilled through it. At the two opposite sides of the board, you attach one end to the table (or sometimes a hardboard or some kind of support) and then fasten the other end to your patient or another part of your equipment (which will support the patient). The whole thing is held together by screws, bolts, or rivets that pass through both pieces at different points on their lengthwise axis.

The most common problem when using this kind of system is that during exercise, air bubbles can get trapped in between the table and your patient as they exert pressure on each other – especially when you are holding them in different positions. Also, if you have a hard surface on either side (a soft surface would not work well because it might start squeaking), then in order to avoid air bubbles getting trapped between them you have to adjust the angle at which you open up those holes so that their edges touch one another – more on this later.

2. How to move a patient on a folding spine board

The folding spine board is made from fiberglass or fiberglass-reinforced plastic. It is a kind of material that can be easily folded and molded into any shape. It can be used to hold the spine and protect it from damage, for example when moving a patient on a stretcher, or when holding an object that needs to be kept from falling off the stretcher (such as a bag of medicine).

This type of material is great for moving patients on stretchers, but it’s also very useful in other applications such as holding bags of medicine or other stuff. You can use it to hold objects or parts of them while still keeping them stable on a patient’s back. You can also use this material while they are moving around their legs (and putting weight on their feet) because it absorbs some of the impact during their movements. It’s best used with inflatable medical devices so they don’t get damaged too much during transport.

3. Tips for moving a patient on a folding spine board

The spine board is a piece of equipment that has its shape and location defined by the patient. This can be done by using some kind of padding, but it is also possible to move a patient on a folding spine board freely.

The right way to use the spine board depends on how the patient moves; if he or she walks towards you, for example, you will use the spine board in such a way that it does not interfere with his or her movements.

It is also important that you do not lie on the patient so that his or her weight remains relatively evenly distributed throughout their body. Lying down on the spine board can cause your patients to fall off, so it is important to keep them in an upright position as much as possible.

If you are moving your patient across different surfaces, then it is good to have a pair of floor mats or even carpet underfoot.

A good way to see how your patient would move on this kind of board is by trying out different positions yourself. Ask him or her where they would like to go next and follow them around while they are there, doing up-and-down movements and then turning around and around again.

The safest thing to do when moving patients who cannot move themselves (such as infants) is try standing behind them and being careful not to get too close—this can be dangerous for both of you! We also don't want our patients lying flat on their back either (to avoid spinal cord injuries).

I. Types of wheelchairs

1. General wheelchairs

Manual wheelchairs are those that require human strength to move them. Manual wheelchairs can be folded, stored, or placed in a vehicle, although modern wheelchairs may also be rigid frames. Ordinary manual wheelchairs are wheelchairs sold by general medical equipment companies.

It is roughly the shape of a chair. Four wheels, a giant rear wheel, a push wheel, and brakes are also added to the rear wheel, the front wheel is smaller for steering, and an anti-roll wheel is added to the back of the wheelchair. Suitable for people with general conditions or short-term mobility impairment, not ideal for sedentary periods.

2. Products from electric wheelchair supplier

The outdoor electric wheelchair is a wheelchair that adds means of electric motor and navigation control. Usually, a small joystick is installed on the armrest instead of manual power wheelchair movement.

3. Big wheel drive electric wheelchair

Depending on the mode of operation, the rocker is used, and various switches are controlled by the head or blow suction system. For people who are severely paralyzed or need to move a lot, using an electric wheelchair is a good option if they have good cognitive skills but require more space to move.

4. Special wheelchairs

Depending on the patient's condition, there are various accessories such as reinforced weights, unique cushions or backrests, neck support systems, etc.

Since the name is unique, the price is very different. In terms of use, it is also troublesome due to the variety of accessories, which are usually used in a severe or severe limb or trunk deformities.

5. Sports wheelchairs

Specially designed wheelchairs used for recreational sports or competitions. They are shared for racing or basketball and are commonly used for dancing. Generally speaking, lightweight and durability are characteristic, and many high-tech materials are used.

6. Other wheelchairs

For example, scooters are wheelchairs in the broad sense and are used by many older adults. It is roughly divided into three and four wheels, driven by an electric motor, with a speed limit of 15km/h, and graded by load capacity.

II. Introduction of electric wheelchairs by electric wheelchair supplier

Electric wheelchairs are made by superimposing high-performance power drives, intelligent controls, batteries, and other components based on traditional manual wheelchairs.

The new generation of intelligent wheelchairs with artificial control smart controllers can drive wheelchairs to complete various functions such as forward, backward, steering, standing, lying flat, etc. It is a high-tech product combining modern precision machinery, intelligent CNC, engineering mechanics, and other fields.

Nowadays, the outdoor electric wheelchair has become an indispensable transportation tool for the elderly and the disabled with reduced mobility. It is suitable for a wide range of applications. As long as the user's awareness is apparent and cognitive ability is average, an electric wheelchair is a good choice. Still, it requires a certain amount of activity space.

III. Characteristics of outdoor electric wheelchair

1. Lithium battery electric wheelchair, driven by a lithium battery, can be recharged repeatedly, small in size, light in weight, energy-saving, and environmental protection.

2. Can be pushed by hand, shaken, electric driving, and converted at will.

3. Foldable rack, easy for storage and transportation.

4. Both left and right hands can control the intelligent operation control lever.

5. Wheelchair armrests are also lifted, and the pedals can be adjusted and removed.

6. Adopt PU solid tires, waterproof and breathable cushion backrest, and seat belt.

7. Five-speed adjustment, 360° rotation at will with zero radii in situ.

8. Strong climbing ability and anti-tilting tail wheel design.

9. High safety factor, intelligent electromagnetic brake, and manual brake.

Ⅳ. Advantages of electric wheelchair products from electric wheelchair manufacturers

1. Wide audience. Compared with traditional wheelchairs, the powerful features of outdoor electric wheelchairs are suitable for the elderly and frail elderly and for severely disabling injuries. Stability, long-lasting power, and speed adjustability are the unique advantages of electric wheelchairs.

2. Convenient. Traditional pushchairs must rely on human push and pull to move forward. If there is no one around you, you have to push the roller yourself. Electric wheelchairs are not the same. As long as they are charged, you can efficiently operate them yourself without having to be accompanied by your family.

3. Environmental protection. Electric wheelchairs use electricity to start, which is more environmentally friendly.

4. Safety. The production technology of electric wheelchairs is becoming more and more mature, and the brake equipment on the body can only be mass-produced after many tests by professionals. The chance of an electric wheelchair getting out of control is close to zero.

5. Use outdoor electric equipment to enhance self-care ability. With an electric wheelchair, you can consider doing daily grocery shopping, cooking, ventilation, etc. One person plus an electric wheelchair can do it.

Ⅴ. Tips for selecting and purchasing electric equipment suppliers' products

1. Seat width: Measure the distance between two hips or two strands when sitting down. After adding 5cm to sit down, there is a gap of 2.5cm on each side. The seat is too narrow; it is difficult to get on and off the wheelchair. The hip and thigh tissue is compressed; the heart is too wide to sit steadily; it is inconvenient to operate the wheelchair, the limbs are easy to fatigue, and it is difficult to enter and exit the gate.

2. Seat Length: Measure the horizontal distance between your back hip and calf fibula when you sit down and reduce the measurement by 6.5cm. If the seat is too short, the weight will fall mainly on the sciatic bone, which can easily cause excessive pressure. If the heart is too long, it will compress the burrow to affect local blood circulation and easily irritate the skin. It is better to use a short seat for patients with short thighs or hip or knee flexion contractures.

3. Seat Height: Measure the distance from the heel (or heel) to the burrow when sitting down; add 4cm; when placing the foot pedal, the board surface is at least 5cm from the ground. The seat is too high for the wheelchair to be at the table; the sciatic bone bears too much weight if the heart is too low.

4. Cushion: To be comfortable and prevent bedsores, the chair of the wheelchair should be placed with a cushion. Standard cushions are foam rubber cushions (5~10cm thick) or gel cushions. To prevent the seat from sagging, you can set a piece of plywood 0.6 cm wide under the seat cushion.

5. Chair back height: The higher the chair back, the more stable it is; the lower the chair back, the greater the movement of the upper body and upper limbs. Low chair back: Measure the distance from the seat to the armpit and reduce this result by 10cm. High chair back: Measure the actual height of the heart to the shoulder or back pillow.

6. Armrest Height: When sitting down, the upper arm is vertical, the forearm is flat on the armrest; measure the height of the chair to the lower edge of the forearm, plus 2.5cm. Proper armrest height helps maintain good body posture and balance and allows upper limbs to be comfortable. The armrests are too high, and the upper arm is forced to lift, making you prone to fatigue. If the armrests are too low, you need to lean forward to maintain balance, which is prone to fatigue and can also affect breathing.

7. Electric wheelchair supplier Other auxiliary parts: It is designed to meet the needs of particular patients, such as increasing the handle friction surface, carcass extension, anti-vibration device, armrest mounting armrest, or wheelchair table convenient for patients to eat and write, etc.

   
   

DRAGON Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise engaged in the research and development, production, and sales of electric wheelchairs as an electric wheelchair supplier. Since its establishment, DRAGON has always adhered to the business principle of people-oriented, honest business and the ingenious spirit of "focusing on making products, keeping quality wholeheartedly," developing products that are genuinely suitable for consumers with mobility needs, and determined to become a service provider to solve travel problems.

Now our DRAGON electric wheelchair supplier's products have been exported to more than 30 countries, as electric wheelchair suppliers at home and abroad, we have a professional international logistics team to ensure that our customers receive the goods safely and on time.

Based in China, we are committed to continuously improving services and upgrading products. As an electric wheelchair supplier, we will strive to become one of the most reliable cooperative suppliers in the field of emergency rescue and safety protection. Our mission is to develop, manufacture and supply world-class products that meet our extremely high quality standards and exceed customer expectations. We warmly welcome customers from all over the world to establish cooperation with us!

There are many brands of wheelchairs on the market now, and the quality varies. How to choose the right wheelchair for your situation among the many models and brands?

The following issues need to be understood.

1. Have basic knowledge of rehabilitation care

   
   

2. A more comprehensive understanding of the structure, function, price, and features of various wheelchairs

   
   

3. Determine who is using the wheelchair - the caregiver or the rider

   
   

4. Truly understand the external physical condition, physical function, economic status, environment of use, purpose of use, psychological factors, etc. of the rider

When buying a wheelchair, you can't just compare the price. A very cheap wheelchair has certain safety hazards in the process of use, because the price of a wheelchair can also reduce the quality of the product, for example, if the front fork of the small wheel breaks during use due to quality problems, it will cause the wheelchair to flip forward or sideways, resulting in injuries and shock to the person riding the wheelchair, which may cause more serious consequences. This can have more serious consequences. Of course, it is not necessarily good to have a very high priced wheelchair, the key is to buy the right wheelchair for you and not spend extra money. Therefore, when buying a wheelchair, choose a cost-effective wheelchair and pay attention to the following points.

1. According to the wheelchair manufacturer's qualification.

Wheelchair quality assurance: 

four-year warranty for the main accessories push ring, footrest, side plate, front fork, four-year warranty for the welded parts of the frame, one-year warranty for the whole vehicle

Manufacturer qualification guarantee: 

medical device production license, international quality management system certification, medical device quality system certification, testing certification of national authoritative testing institutions, European CE product certification, Japanese JIS testing, U.S. FDA certification, China's top ten brands of wheelchairs "ranking, independent brand registered trademark, professional production of wheelchairs manufacturers, with The company's own invention patents

2. According to the user's condition - physical condition, family economic status

Physical condition

Orthopedic treatment period: high-backed full-lying, half-lying aluminum alloy care wheelchair. As the rider rides for a longer time, using a low-backed ordinary wheelchair, the pressure on the hip, waist and neck increases, which will lead to the possibility of damage to the waist and hip, which is not conducive to the patient's recovery; using a high-backed wheelchair can adjust the angle backward to reduce the pressure on the spine and hip, making the rider more comfortable and reducing the possibility of secondary injury

Patients with stroke and total paralysis: High-back full reclining seat and armrest removable wheelchair. According to the characteristics of the patient, basically he must be bedridden, using a high-backed full reclining wheelchair can often take the patient outside to absorb fresh air and sunshine, bringing sunshine to the patient's psyche; using a high-backed toilet armrest detachable wheelchair can reduce the nursing difficulty of the nursing staff when the patient cannot control the urination and defecation, which is more convenient; using an aluminum wheelchair is for the nursing staff in the nursing process The use of aluminum alloy wheelchair is to make it lighter for the nursing staff in the nursing process. With a fully reclining wheelchair, the backrest can be flattened and retracted so that the patient can change the point of stress, thus reducing the occurrence of bed sores caused by the same point of stress.

Paralysis from the waist down and inability to control urination and defecation: High-backed commode wheelchair with a dining table board. Since the patient's upper limbs can move on their own, choose a high-backed commode wheelchair with large wheels and a push ring, so that when the patient is in good health, he or she can move on their own and keep the necessary activities and exercises for the upper body; use a high-backed commode wheelchair so that when the patient is fatigued, he or she can flatten the backrest and lift the hanging feet to rest

Amputation, walking difficulties: aluminum alloy movable armrests, movable footrest wheelchair, the armrests and footrests can be disassembled or lifted and docked with the bed or seat, so that the patient can safely and conveniently move or move the rider by himself, and can achieve the purpose that the patient must exercise

With the basic walking ability, long-term walking difficulties: aluminum wheelchair. When walking fatigue, can not continue to insist on walking, need to use the wheelchair, the body to get rest at the same time, can not delay the trip

Heavy weight: reinforced wheelchair. The seat is deepened and widened, the aluminum tube is thickened and thickened, and the backrest is strengthened, which can alleviate the deformation of the backrest caused by long-term use and heavy weight, and is suitable for riders weighing less than 120kg, and is generally sold at a high price.

Family economic status

Good economic condition: aluminum wheelchair, aluminum multifunctional wheelchair, aluminum urban fashion wheelchair, electric wheelchair

General economic condition: steel tube ordinary wheelchair, steel tube commode wheelchair, aluminum alloy ordinary wheelchair

3. according to the environment in which the wheelchair is used - the area of residence, floor, whether it is wet, whether it needs to be used outdoors, special environment

• Small living area: aluminum wheelchair with small wheels. The smaller the wheel, the more flexible the steering; the larger the wheel, the better the stability and the ability to cross the barrier, but the flexibility in a small space is poor.

  
  

• High living floor: aluminum alloy wheelchair, lightweight wheelchair, light weight, easy to carry

  
  

• Wet living environment: aluminum alloy wheelchair, not easy to rust, but also conducive to recycling

  
  

• The family has a car often carry out: choose aluminum alloy multifunctional wheelchair, movable armrests, movable hanging feet, foldable backrest, convenient to put in the trunk after folding, occupying less space area

  
  

• By airplane and train: 4-inch front small wheel, 6-inch rear wheel foldable airplane wheelchair, the width of airplane and train is limited, light weight, and easy to carry

4. according to the purpose of use - the need to move on their own, home care, walking out, work

• Self-mobility: large wheel with push circle wheelchair, leg and foot inconvenience, good control of the upper limbs, so that the rider can achieve the purpose of sports and exercise in the process of moving the upper limbs push circle even if the lower limbs can not move on their own

  
  

• Home care: When the person has limited legs and is not thinking clearly enough, and there is someone to take care of him or her, choose a wheelchair with a small rear wheel (16" or 12") and a rear handbrake, which is small in size and light in weight, easy to carry around and easy to enter and exit the narrow door, and with a rear handbrake for the caregiver to control.

  
  

• Out and about: aluminum alloy lightweight wheelchair. When you feel tired of walking, you can take it for a short time, so that the rider can combine work and rest according to his physical condition, and the aluminum wheelchair is easy to carry. If you have an elderly person at home, you should always have a wheelchair to bring physical and mental health and comfort to the elderly when they go out for a walk.

  
  

• Going to work: For longer distances, choose a manual and electric electric wheelchair with large wheels and push rims, with a range of 18km-25km. if you use a large wheel with push rims electric wheelchair, the rider can move by himself; choose a small wheel electric wheelchair, the caregiver can help push the wheelchair indoors. For those who go to work in close proximity, use it more indoors and have average economic conditions, choose an aluminum alloy manual wheelchair.

• Send as a gift: aluminum alloy metal baking paint multifunctional manual wheelchair, urban fashion series manual wheelchair, electric wheelchair car

5. According to the characteristics of the wheelchair itself - material, function, residual value after use

• Solid-tire wheelchair: no inner tube, no need for inflation; simple maintenance, high price; heavy weight, poor shock absorption, high requirements for road surface, suitable for flat road surface

  
  

• Air-filled wheelchair: lighter weight, good shock absorption, less demanding on road surface, suitable for both indoor and outdoor

  
  

• Double-support wheelchair: double-support wheelchair has a solid frame, stable center of gravity, strong bearing capacity, and safer ride

  
  

• Steel tube wheelchair: heavier weight, suitable for users who do not move frequently and have limited economic conditions, not suitable for use in more humid environments, easy to rust, and not conducive to recycling after use and scrap

  
  

• Aluminum wheelchair: suitable for users with high floors, humid environment, frequent moving, not easy to rust, and better economic conditions; after scrapping, it is conducive to recycling

  
  

• Commode wheelchair: suitable for users who are paralyzed from the waist down and cannot control their bowels.

  
  

• Low-backed commode wheelchair: suitable for riders with lower body paralysis and difficult to control urination and defecation, but with strong upper body control; extractable seat cushion, convenient for caregivers to provide timely care

  
  

• High-backed semi-reclining and full-reclining nursing wheelchair: suitable for stroke, total paralysis, paraplegia and other riders with weak body control; semi-reclining back allows riders to ride more smoothly (riders with total paralysis or paraplegia are often unable to control their bodies and find it difficult to sit and stand for a long time)

  
  

• High backrest reclining seat wheelchair: suitable for stroke and other general paralysis, urinary and fecal disorders can not be self-control patients. The extractable seat cushion extractor can be extracted quickly, which is convenient and quick to use; the extractable deep toilet can be used after the seat cushion extractor is extracted, which is convenient to use and care; the adjustable footrest with leg drag is convenient for the rider to lift the foot, and with the back half lying, it makes the rider more comfortable; the removable hanging foot can shorten the distance of the rider's movement; with anti-tip wheel, which plays an anti-tip role and makes the wheelchair more stable when it is tilted back. Ø Multifunctional wheelchair

  
  

• Multifunctional wheelchair: movable armrest, movable footrest wheelchair. The armrest and footrest can be docked with the bed or seat after dismantling or lifting, so that the rider can be moved or moved safely and conveniently by himself, which is suitable for paralyzed patients and people who need to move around by themselves. Removable hanging feet can shorten the moving distance of the rider; movable short armrests, when the wheelchair is close to the dining table and table, choose a wheelchair with short armrests to facilitate the rider to dine close to the table; suitable for often carrying the wheelchair out can be put into the trunk of the car or the space between the two rows of seats in the car

  
  

• Children's wheelchair: multifunctional children's wheelchair, the backrest can be folded over, folded compact size, easy to carry and storage

  
  

• Portable wheelchair: fixed armrests, flip up hanging feet, back can be folded. The backrest can be folded and flipped, the hanging feet can be lifted, and it is easy to carry after folding; fixed short armrests, when the wheelchair is close to the dining table and the table, choose the wheelchair with short armrests, so that it is easy for the wheelchair to be close to the dining table for dining; it is suitable for those who often go out, have mobility problems but have strong control ability or have a person to take care of them; after folding, it is compact and can be put into the trunk of the car or the space between the two rows of seats in the car, and the whole car weighs only 10.5 kg

  
  

• Lightweight nursing wheelchair: rear wheel size is usually less than 16 inches, without pushing circle, suitable for riders with leg and foot problems, not thinking clearly enough, with personal nursing care or when someone is nursing out, small size, light weight, easy to carry out, easy to enter and exit the narrow door, also easy to carry in the car Ø Electric wheelchair: foldable electric wheelchair, double battery, rear wheel with double motor drive, stronger climbing and overcoming obstacles, while keeping the whole vehicle evenly stressed, easy to keep the center of gravity stable; using universal controller, easy to operate, simple and safer to use; suitable for people with better economic conditions who need to use wheelchairs for long distances.

6. from the appearance of the wheelchair, choose the right wheelchair: the

• Seat backrest tilted back 8 degrees, seat deepened, the rider's body comfortable and healthy

  
  

• wheelchair cushion and backrest material is strong and durable, high-density flame retardant water support cloth, not easy to deformation

  
  

• The quality of wheel rims and spokes, the flexibility of wheel rotation

  
  

• The appearance of the wheelchair process, the appearance of the rough process of the wheelchair its internal quality is not too good, the tires to choose durable

  
  

• Good quality, pneumatic tires have better shock absorption performance

  
  

• Whether the double support frame structure, comfortable armrest height, to prevent shoulder pathologies caused by high armrests, such as frozen shoulder, cervical spondylosis, etc.

  
  

• To have the manual and warranty

Introduction

The basic principles of trauma management are careful, thorough, and immediate initial (early) assessment, which provides a good foundation for further comprehensive treatment. In the case of spinal trauma patients, the importance of an accurate early assessment is to prevent permanent neurological impairment from occurring.

Inappropriate management of spinal trauma patients can easily lead to more serious consequences, so experimental management measures are obviously less appropriate in early assessment. Therefore, most of the current treatment management measures and clinical practice guidelines are based on Level II, III, and IV evidence from existing large samples of clinical studies.

Field confirmation

High-energy injuries in young people are the most common cause of spinal or spinal cord injuries, such as motorcycle crashes and high-risk occupations. Low-energy injuries in elderly patients are the second most common cause. Elderly patients are prone to fragility fractures at low energy due to osteoporosis combined with spinal stiffness. Both physicians and patients should be alert to the fact that in some specific cases the symptoms of spinal injuries are easily masked by other injuries, such as patients with closed cranial and facial injuries, which are often combined with cervical spine injuries when the patient suffers violence to the head. In addition, if a single-segment spinal fracture is found, other spinal cones need to be alerted to the fracture. A recent study suggests that CT scans of 492 patients with single-segment spinal injuries revealed a fracture incidence of about 19% in the non-adjacent phase.

Protection of the injured spine and spinal cord should begin at the scene of the accident. Statistics show that approximately 25% of patients who suffer a spinal injury at the scene of a car accident are not properly assisted, resulting in irreversible neurological impairment later in life. Proper handling and immobilization can effectively protect the neurological function of patients with spinal injuries and prevent further deterioration of neurological damage. Current recommendations include strong cervical brace immobilization, strong lateral support, and keeping the spinal axis stable during transport to avoid further injury.

In young children, because the head is usually larger than the body, placing the body on a flat surface can easily lead to anterior cervical flexion, which can exacerbate any possible cervical spine injury. Therefore, when spinal injuries occur in this group of patients, the cervical spine must be placed in a neurologically functional position, such as a pre-set depression in the occipital area on the transfer plate or a cushion in the trunk position to keep the neck slightly posteriorly extended.

If a patient with ankylosing spondylitis has a spinal fracture, immobilization of the patient should take into account the pre-existing spinal deformity, and patients with a stiff spine can have a pad placed on the head to maintain the curvature of the spine if necessary. Overcorrection of the posterior extension of the cervical spine may further exacerbate an existing extension-distraction subluxation with serious consequences.

Improper braking can lead to severe disability: cervical braces may increase intracranial and cerebrospinal fluid pressure and can alter swallowing function, increasing the likelihood of aspiration, so it is important to diagnose neck injuries as soon as possible to allow early release of the brace; spinal stretcher plates are often incorrectly thought of as tools to provide spinal stability, but in fact, they are used only during extrication and transport The orthopedic surgeon should transfer the patient from the stretcher board to an appropriate bed as soon as possible because lying on such a board may impair respiratory function and may cause more severe decubitus ulcers when lying on the board for long periods of time.

Summary

For patients with high suspicion of spinal cord injury, systematic assessment by physicians at the resuscitation site and meticulous care can effectively reduce the probability of disability in patients with spinal cord injury. Once a patient with a spinal injury has been effectively braked, an assessment of the patient's systemic condition, including a full neurological assessment, should begin immediately. The assessment of patients with underlying ankylosing spondylitis needs to be particularly careful, as these patients can sustain fractures in the spinal region even with minimal trauma. CT is necessary for the evaluation of patients with symptomatic spinal injuries, but MRI is controversial in patients with impaired consciousness. The effectiveness of neuroprotective drugs and surgical treatments that are already available needs to be confirmed by more clinical studies.