How do crew members deal with trauma at sea?

Fishery is a very high risk industry, engaged in fishery production and operation of fishermen before going to sea both to learn a certain first aid knowledge and to understand how to quickly and correctly seek help for rescue to buy valuable time, but also for the members of the risk sharing. The following are emergency measures for crew members who have suffered traumatic injuries at sea.

First, quickly stop bleeding

For small wounds need to be rinsed with clean water or saline, covered with gauze, and then bandaged tightly. In emergencies, you can also use handkerchiefs, towels, cloth temporarily borrowed to do haemostatic bandage.

For venous bleeding should also use the hand or other objects to apply pressure on the dressing above the bandaged wound, usually about 5 to 15 minutes of pressure. Underarms, thigh roots and other deep parts of the first gauze can be stuffed into the wound and then bandaged tightly, as much as possible when the bandage will be injured parts of the elevated.

For arterial bleeding can be used to press the fingers of the bleeding site of the upper blood vessels, to stop the blood flow, such as after 20 ~ 30 minutes bleeding is not more than, should immediately be the first to elevate the affected limb for 12 minutes, in the bleeding site of the upper 1/3 of the skin with gauze and other things to wrap the skin, and then use the rubber tube and other tourniquet stretched tightly wrapped around the outside of the gauze and other things, can not be too tight and not too loose, up to two rounds around the bleeding to stop as appropriate. Every 30 ~ 50 minutes to relax a tourniquet, each time 2 ~ 5 minutes, relaxation, pay attention to the use of local pressure on the wound hemostasis, relaxation of the tourniquet, such as found that the bleeding is not much, can be changed to other methods of hemostasis, so as to avoid compression of blood vessels for too long, resulting in necrosis of the limb.

Second, timely cleaning and dressing

If only abrasions and wounds are not deep, you can first contain 0.85% or 0.9% salt saline to rinse impurities, and then with a concentration of 70% -75% alcohol or iodine to clean up the wound, if the wound is more seriously contaminated, or even deep wounds have to be rinsed with hydrogen peroxide wounds, and then rinsed with saline, and then disinfected with alcohol around the wound, and it is best to prepare a special disinfectant to disinfect thoroughly again. Wounds cut by iron should be cleaned more carefully to prevent tetanus.

Clean up the wound in time to bandage, pay attention to the choice of disinfectant gauze or clean bandage, cloth and other bandages, elasticity is appropriate, so as not to affect blood circulation, can not directly touch the wound with the hand, the bandage range should be beyond the edge of the wound 5-10 centimetres, and bandage. Abdominal injury with organs out or open craniocerebral injury with brain tissue expansion, can not be directly pressurised bandage; organs forcibly do not contain, should be in the expansion or dislodgement of tissue around the gauze, towels, etc. around, and then use the appropriate size of the clean utensils on the cover, and then bandaged and fixed. When transporting, such as the Department of abdominal injuries, take the supine bending position, so that the abdomen is loose.

Third, calmly deal with the fracture

When there is a closed fracture that breaks through the skin and damages blood vessels and nerves, try to eliminate the significant displacement and then fix it with a splint. If the fracture end has been poked out of the wound, and has been contaminated, but did not compress the blood vessels and nerves, should not be immediately reset, so as not to bring the dirt into the depth of the wound.

One of the most important aspects of first aid treatment of fractures is proper immobilisation. Fixation should ensure that the fracture end does not move during handling and cause further damage to soft tissues, blood vessels, nerves or internal organs. The main methods: upper limb fracture can be tied in the chest; lower limbs with the healthy limbs and tied up; cervical, thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture need to lie down, the body head and neck sides with clothing fixed or cloth bandage; pelvic fracture in addition to lying down, can be used to bind the pelvis at the cloth bandage; limbs and soft tissues are usually fixed with adhesive tape.

Fourth, broken limbs and fingers should be handled correctly

Use sterilised gauze (or clean gauze) to wrap the amputated limb or finger, put it into a plastic pocket without loopholes, tightly tie the mouth of the bag, and then apply ice around it to freeze it. Never rub disinfectant on top of the amputated limb or immerse the amputated limb in alcohol, as this will cause the tissue cells to solidify and deteriorate, losing the chance of replantation. Therefore, we must calmly follow the above correct method to freeze the amputated limb and send it to the hospital as fast as possible.